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Mukti M. Rana, PhD

Dr. RanaProfessor of Engineering
Division  of Physics, Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Sciences
& Optical Science Center for Applied Research (OSCAR)
Delaware State University
1200 N. DuPont Highway, Dover, DE 19901
302.857.6588
302.857.7482 fax
mrana [at] desu.edu

Dr. Mukti Rana received his B.Sc. in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Khulna University of Engineering (KUET), Bangladesh (1992-1997) and his M.S. (2000-2002) and Ph.D. (2003-2007) from The University of Texas at Arlington (UTA) in Electrical Engineering. He worked as Graduate Teaching Assistant and Graduate Research Assistant in the Department of Electrical Engineering of UTA. During his PhD, he worked to investigate various properties of radio frequency sputtered GexSi1-xOy thin films for uncooled infrared detection. He also designed, fabricated and tested microbolometers using GexSi1-xOy thin films as sensing layers. He worked as a post-doctoral research associate between 2007-2008 on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Administration by using tactile sensors based on poly-silicon thin films. In fall 2008, Dr. Rana joined as Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of University of South Alabama, Mobile. In 2010, he joined in the Department of Physics and Engineering and Optical Science Center for Applied Research (OSCAR) of Delaware State University. His current research interest includes 2D/3D interface, 2D materials and devices, ferroelectric materials, uncooled infrared detectors,  and microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices. He has published more than 35 refereed journal articles and conference presentations and holds four US patents. Dr. Rana is a senior member of IEEE, life member of SPIE, MRS and the founding student advisor of IEEE student branch at Delaware State University. Dr. Rana is the recipient of “Faculty Mentor of The Year Award, NASA, 2019” for his contribution towards advising and mentoring of students. He is also the recipient of excellence in mentoring award in 2021, excellence in research award in 2016 of DSU.

ADMINISTRATIVE and PROFESSIONAL appointments 

  1. Professor of Engineering, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Computer Sciences; and Optical Science Center for Applied Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA, (2019-Now)
  2. Director and Principal Investigator, Optics for Space Technology and Applied Research Center, Delaware State University, Dover, DE  (2016-2021)
  3. Director and Principal Investigator, Center for Research and Education in Optical Sciences and Applications (CREOSA), Delaware State University, Dover, DE  (2016-2018)
  4. Chairperson and Associate Professor, Department of Physics and Engineering, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA, (2015-2018)
  5. Assistant Professor, Department of Physics and Engineering, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA, (2010-2014)
  6. Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ECE University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA, (2008-2010)
  7. Postdoctoral Research Associate, Microsensors Lab, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA, (2007-2008)
  8. Graduate Research Assistant (GRA), Microsensors Lab, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA, (2003-2007)
  9. Graduate Teaching  Assistant (GTA), Semiconductor Device Theory and VLSI Design, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA, (2001-2002)

RESEARCH Interests

Uncooled Infrared Detectors - Design and Fabrication

Materials for Uncooled Infrared Detection-Synthesis, charaterization 

2-D Materials for Infrared Detection

2-D and 3-D materials’ Interface

Ferroelectric and Pyroelectric Materials

RESEARCH FUNDING (A total of > 14 Million US Dollars as PI)

Active Grants

  1. “Development of Antireflection Coatings for future NASA Missions”, NASA, $300,000, Award Period: 12/2023-1/2026
  2. “Multifunction Enabled Access through Networked Sensors (MEANS)”, Office of Naval Research, DSU PI: Mukti Rana. Prime: University of Delaware,  Award Amount: $799,944, Award Period: 10/2023-09/2027

  3. “2D-3D materials’ development and their integration”, National Science Foundation, $200,000, Award Period: 09/2024-08/2026, DSU PI: Mukti Rana. Prime-Clarks Atlanta University

  4. “Acquisition of a Ellipsometer Spectroscopy System for Research and Education Training of Students on Device Characterization”, US Department of Defense, $236,000, Award Period: 09/2024-08/2025, PI: Yanan Xu, Co-PI: Mukti Rana. 

  5. “Ferroelectric properties of rare earth element doped HfO2”, $200,000, Air Force Research Lab, Award Period: 09/2024-08/2026, PI: Yanan Xu, Co-PI: Mukti Rana. 

  6. “Controlling properties of 2D materials using ferroelectric thin films”, Clarkson Aerospace, $240,000 Award Period: 01/2022-12/2024, PI: Mukti Rana

  7. “Defect Engineering in 2D Systems for Photonic and Nano-Devices (2D-SPAND)” Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), $996,272, Award Period: 10/2022-9/2027, PI: Mukti Rana

  8. “Heterogeneous Integration for Heterogeneous Architectures”, NSF, $87,480, Award Period: 01/2023-12/2024, DSU PI: Mukti Rana. Prime-Pennsylvania State University

Previous Grants:

  1. “Sensors and Infra-red Materials for Photodetection (SIMPLe)”, $600,000, Army Research Office, Award Period: 10/2018-09/2023. PI: Mukti Rana.
  2. “Acquisition of a Raman Spectroscopy System for Research and Education Training of Students on Device Characterization”, Department of Defense, $488,200, Award Period: 08/2022-09/2023, PI: Mukti Rana.
  3. “Sensors and Infra-red Photodetectors based on stacked LayErs of Two Dimensional Materials (2D-SImPLE)”, $450,000, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Award Period: 04/2018-03/2022. Role: PI.

  4. “Microbolometers of high figures of merits using Au-Plasmonic based absorbers”, $50,000, NASA STTR, Award Period: 09/2021-01/2022. PI: Mukti Rana

  5. “Acquisition of an X-ray Diffraction (XRD) System for Research and Education Training of Students on Device Characterization”, DoD, $230,000, Award Period: 10/2019-06/2020, PI: Mukti Rana.

  6. “Establishment of NASA-MIRO Optics for Space Technology & Applied Research Center (O*STAR Center) at Delaware State University”, $5 Million, NASA, Award Period: 09/2015-08/2021, Role:PI

  7. “Center for Research and Education in Optical Sciences and Applications (CREOSA): Promoting Scientific Discoveries, Technological Advances, and STEM Education”, $5 Million, National Science Foundation, Award Period: 08/2012-09/2018, Role: PI.

  8. “Acquisition of a Photomask Aligner for Research, Research Training and Education at Delaware State University”, Office of Naval Research, $214,600, Award Period: 09/2016-08/2018, Role: PI

  9. “Design and Fabrication of Uncooled Thermal Detectors – An Approach to Use Nanomachining Technology at an HBCU By Involving African American Engineering Students in Research and Education Training”, Office of Naval Research, $359,304,Award Period: 09/2015-08/2018, Role: PI

  10. “MRI: Acquisition of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for Multidisciplinary Research and Education at Delaware State University”, National Science Foundation, Award Period: 09/2014-08/2017, $501,000, Role: PI.

  11. “Broadband Uncooled IR Detector Based On Nano-Electromechanical Systems (NEMS)”, $125,000 (My portion $41,250), NASA, Award Period: 09/2018-03/2019. Role: DSU PI: Mukti Rana, (SBIR Company – Banpil Photonics).

  12. “Development of ETAP Power Lab for Teaching Power Systems at DSU”, In kind Donation from Operation Technology Inc., July,2013 - June 2016, In kind value $320,000, Role: PI.
  13. “Development of Nano-fiber Membrane In-Situ Electroporation Devices for Pharmaco-Genomics Anticancer Drug Screening”, Role PI, National Institute of Health (NIH), Period 06/2012-01/2014, $238,000.
  14. “Ultra Low Power InAsN Semiconductor Transistors Phase IIA”, SBIR partnership with QuantTera Semiconductor, National Science Foundation, Award Period: 02/2014-07/2014, $65,052.
  15. “Next-Generation Sensors for Improving Human Health and Urban Air Quality: A Technology-Driven Business Model for Young Entrepreneurs.” Role: Co-PI, DSU PRIDE, Award Period: 09/2013-08/2014, $20,000.
  16. “Integrated Micro-mirrors and Microbolometer for Mid- and Long-Wave Infrared Detection”, Role: PI, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Award Period: 06/2013-08/2013. $3,500.
  17. “US-Mexico International Collaborative Program on Photothermal Imaging and Photothermal Microscopy”, Role: Co-PI, National Science Foundation, Award Period: 04/2012-03/2013, $28,600.
  18. “Design of a Tunable Microbolometer for Mid and Long Wave Infrared Detection”, Role: PI, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Award Period: 06/2012-08/2012. $3,500.
  19. “Design of a Tunable Integrated Micro-mirror or Mid and Long Wave Infrared Detection”, Role: PI, National Science Foundation, Award Period: 06/2012-08/2012. $4,000.
  20. Travel Allowance to Johannesburg to Attend South African National Research Foundation PhD Project Meeting, NSF, August 2012, Full Travel Expenses for myself and two graduate students, $20,000.
  21. “Nanomachined Pyroelectric Detector- Design and Concepts”, CREST Supplement PI, NSF, Period 9/2011-8/2012, $100,000
  22. “Resistivity Imaging and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Analysis for Solid Waste in The Laboratory”, Role PI, NSF CIBER EPSCoRE RII-2, Period 02/2011-01/2012, $30,000.

Merits, awards and achievements

  1. Faculty Excellence Award in Research, Delaware State University, May 2021.
  2. NASA Mentor of the year Award, 2019, Southern Regional Education Board Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA.
  3. Faculty Excellence Award in Research, Delaware State University, May 2016.
  4. Vice President’s Award for Research, Delaware State University, August 2015
  5. Excellence in Outreach Award, College of Mathematics, Natural Science and Technology, May 2015.
  6. Awarded a total of >$14M in since 2010 as PI from companies and government funding agencies.
  7. As Department chair, I helped to increase the Undergraduate Enrollment by almost 100%, increased the undergraduate first year retention rate by 20% in three years. Introduced new Degree Program: BS in Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technology, Developed Two Interdisciplinary Course (with Movement Science).
  8. PI of three US patents.
  9. Faculty Merit Compensation Award, 2011-2012, Delaware State University.
  10. Graduate research assistantship, Fall 2003-Spring 2007, UTA, TX, USA.
  11. Graduate teaching assistantship, Fall 2001-Spring 2002, UTA, TX, USA.
  12. Outstanding student paper award in IEEE Emerging Technology Conference in Dallas, Texas on October 9, 2004 for the paper entitled “SixGe1-x and SixGe1-xOy thin films for microsensors applications”.
  13. Included in Chancellor’s list as an outstanding graduate student in 2004.

Teaching

PHYS 661 - Solid State Physics

ENGR 340 - Solid State Electronics

ENGR 210 - Combinational Logic Design

ENGR 211 - Sequential Logic Design

ENGR 460 - Power System Analysis

ENGR 309 - Electronic Circuit Analysis

ENGR 205 - Electrical Circuit Analysis

ENGR 403 - Introduction to MEMS

PUBLICATIONS

Patents 

  1. “Germanium Tin Oxide Thin Films For Uncooled Infrared Detectors”, Investigators: Mukti Rana, and Jaime Cardona, Patent Number: 10337927, Date of Patent - July, 2019.

  2. “Germanium tin oxide thin films for uncooled infrared detection, Investigators: Mukti Rana, and Jaime Cardona, Patent number: 10840399, Date of Patent - Novenber, 2020

  3.  “Medium Wave Infrared (MWIR) and Long Wavelength Infrared (LWIR) Operating Microbolometer with Raised Strut Design”, Investigators: Mukti Rana and Andrew Voshell, Patent Number-10483416, Date of Patent - November, 2019.
  4. “Germanium Silicon Tin Oxide Thin Films For Uncooled Infrared Detection”, Investigators: Mukti Rana, Larine Mbabit and Nibir Dhar, Patent number: 10704959. Date of Patent - July, 2020

Books and Books Chapters

  1. “Applications of RF Sputtered GexSi1-xOy and GexSi1-x.Oy Thin Films for Uncooled Infrared Detectors”, Mukti M. Rana and Donald P Butler, ISBN: 978-1-61324-357-2-2011, Nova Science Publishing, 2011
  2. In Germanium: Properties, Production and Applications edited by Regina V. Germanno, Applications of RF Sputtered GexSi1-xOy and GexSi1-xOy Thin Films for Uncooled Infrared Detectors, Mukti M. Rana and Donald P Butler, ISBN: 978-1-61209-205-8, Nova Science Publishing, 2012.

Journal papers and Refereed Conference Proceedings 

  1. “A Review of Transparent Conducting Films (TCFs): Prospective ITO and AZO Deposition Methods and Applications”, Patel, Jessica, Razia Khan Sharme, Manuel A. Quijada, and Mukti M. Rana. 2024. Nanomaterials 14, no. 24: 2013. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14242013 

  2. “Opto-electrical Characterizations of DC-Sputtered ITO Thin Films”, Jessica Patel, Javier G. Del Hoyo, Luis Rodriguez de Marcos, Mateo F. Batkis, Manuel A. Quijada, and Mukti M. Rana, Proc. of SPIE, Vol. 13116, 131160A, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3030110  

  3. “Recent Progress on Layered Sn and Pb-Based Mono Chalcogenides: Synthesis, Structure, Optical, and Thermoelectric Properties and Related Applications”, Rahman, Safwan, Razia Khan Sharme, Mauricio Terrones, and Mukti M. Rana. 2024. Nanomaterials 14, no. 18: 1530. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14181530 

  4. “Thin Conducting Films: Preparation Methods, Optical and Electrical Properties, and Emerging Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities”, Razia Khan Sharme,Manuel Quijada,Mauricio Terrones and Mukti M. Rana, Materials 2024, 17(18), 4559; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17184559  

  5. “Electrical, Optical and Thermal Properties of Ge-Si-Sn-O Thin Films.” Vadakepurathu, Femina, and Mukti Rana. Materials 17, no. 13 (2024): 3318, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17133318   

  6. “Magnetron-Sputtered Lead Titanate Thin Films for Pyroelectric Applications: Part 2—Electrical Characteristics and Characterization Methods”, Fathipour, M.; Xu, Y.; Rana, M., Materials 2024, 17(3), 589; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17030589    

  7. “Magnetron Sputtered Lead Titanates Thin Films for Pyroelectric Applications: Part 1: Epitaxial Growth, Material Characterization”. Fathipour, M.; Xu, Y.; Rana, M., Materials 2024, 17, 221. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17010221 

  8. “Process Flow and Design Optimization of a Microbolometer.”, Rana, Mukti, and Abdulaziz T. Almaktoom. In 2023 6th International Conference on Electrical Information and Communication Technology (EICT), pp. 1-3. IEEE, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/EICT61409.2023.10427767    

  9. “Effects of post-transfer annealing and substrate interactions on the photoluminescence of 2D/3D monolayer WS2/Ge heterostructures”, Tianyi Zhang, Andrew Voshell, Da Zhou, Zachary D. Ward,e  Zhuohang Yu, Mingzu Liu, Kevin O. Díaz Aponte, Tomotaroh Granzier-Nakajima, Yu Lei, He Liu, Humberto Terrones,  Ana Laura Elías, Mukti Rana and  Mauricio Terrones, Nanoscale, Issue 29, July, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NR00961K

  10. “Design and Simulation of Microbolometer with Dual Cavity for High Figure of Merits”, Aponte, K.O.D.; Xu, Y.; Rana, M. Micromachines 2023, 14, 948. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14050948    

  11. “Electro-thermal numerical analysis of microbolometer over various kinds of design structure under adjustable thermal conductance in the Microeletromechanical system”, Yanan Xu, Mukti Rana and Kevin Díaz-Aponte, Heliyon, Vol. 9Issue 4Published online: March 25, 2023, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14886  

  12. “Sn Doped GexSi1 − xOy Films for Uncooled Infrared Detections”, Cardona, J., Vadakepurathu, F., Rana, M. (2023). In: Ahmad, M., Uddin, M.S., Jang, Y.M. (eds) Proceedings of International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Development. Studies in Autonomic, Data-driven and Industrial Computing. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7528-8_43    

  13. “Ge-Si-Sn-O Alloys for Uncooled Infrared Detections, Jaime Cardona, Femina Vadekapurethu, and Mukti Rana, Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 12107, 1210723, Orlando, FL, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2631569        

  14. “Design and Simulation of a Microbolometer with a Ge Alloys as Sensing Layer”, Kevin O. Diaz Aponte and Mukti Rana, Published in SACNAS Annual Meeting, October 25 – 29, 2021

  15. “Electro-Optical Properties of Sputtered Calcium Lead Titanate Thin Films for Pyroelectric Detection”, Elham Mafi, Nicholas Calvano, Jessica Patel, Md. Sherajul Islam, Md. Sakib Hasan Khan, and Mukti Rana, Micromachines, 2020 Dec; 11(12): 1073, https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11121073    

  16. “Temperature Sensing Capabilities of Mono- and Few-Layer Thick Transition Metal Dichalcogenides”, Andrew Voshell, Mauricio Terrones and Mukti Rana, Micromachines 2020, 11, 693; https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/mi11070693    
  17. “2D-Modeling for the temperature-composition dependent thermal-conductivity of AlmNn compounded semiconductor materials” Xu, Yanan; Rana, Mukti; Tanzy, Matthew; Materials Research Express, June, 7 (2020) 065901. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab9664      
  18. “Modeling of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic data analysis by an automatic classifier”, David D. Pokrajac, Poopalasingam Sivakumar, Yuriy Markushin, Daniela Milovic, Gary Holness, Jinjie Liu, Noureddine Melikechi and Mukti Rana, Int J Data Sci Anal (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41060-018-00172-y    
  19. “Calcium lead titanate thin films for pyroelectric detector application,” Elham Mafi, Jessica Patel, Keesean Braithwaite, Mukti Rana, Proc. SPIE 10754, Wide Bandgap Power and Energy Devices and Applications III, 107540J (7 September 2018); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2323082     
  20. “Review of optical properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides”, Andrew Voshell, Mauricio Terrones, and Mukti Rana, Proc. SPIE 10754, Wide Bandgap Power and Energy Devices and Applications III, 107540L (7 September 2018); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2323132     
  21. “Electrical and optical characterization of AlxNy thin films”, Nicholas Calvano, Bakare O’Neil, and Mukti Rana, Proc. SPIE 10766, Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications VIII, 107660D (18 September 2018); doi: 10.1117/12.2323181; https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2323181      
  22. “Properties of Reactively Sputtered AlxNy Thin Films for Pyroelectric Detectors”, Nicholas Calvano, Philip Chrostoski, Andrew Voshell, Keesean Braithwaite and Mukti Rana, Wide Bandgap Power Devices and Applications II, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 10381, 103810J, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2281240    
  23. “Materials for microbolometers: vanadium oxide or silicon derivatives”, Andrew Voshell; Nibir Dhar and Mukti M. Rana, Proc. SPIE 10209, Image Sensing Technologies: Materials, Devices, Systems, and Applications IV, 102090M (April 28, 2017); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263999     
  24. “Calcium lead titanate thin films for pyroelectric detection”, Phillip Chrostoski; Nicholas Calvano; Bakare O’Neil; Andrew Voshell; Keesean Braithwaite; Dennis Prather; Murzy Jhabvala and Mukti Rana, Proc. SPIE 10209, Image Sensing Technologies: Materials, Devices, Systems, and Applications IV, 102090N (April 28, 2017); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2264098     
  25. “Radio frequency sputtered AlxNy thin films for thermal detectors”, Nicholas Calvano ; Phillip Chrostoski; Andrew Voshell; Keesean Braithwaite; Dennis Prather; Murzy Jhabvala and Mukti M. Rana, Proc. SPIE 10209, Image Sensing Technologies: Materials, Devices, Systems, and Applications IV, 102090J (April 28, 2017); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2267089     
  26. “In-situ moisture content measurement of fresh municipal solid waste by Wenner resistivity method”, Sams S. Farhana, Jebari S. Weekes, Noureddine Melikechi, Sahadat Hossain, Daniel A. Fluman and Mukti M. Rana; Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management, August, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5276/JSWTM.2016.184 
  27. “Design and simulation of pyroelectric detectors with nanometer size spider-web for low thermal conductance”, Md A. Muztoba, Noureddine Melikechi, Mukti M. Rana; Journal of Microsystem Technologies, October 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00542-015-2706-1     
  28. “Determination of Metals in Leachate by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy”, Sams Farhana, Jebari Weekes, Sahadat Hossain, Noureddine Melikechi, Daniel Fluman, and Mukti M. Rana, Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management, Vol 40, no 3, July 2014. https://doi.org/10.5276/JSWTM.2014.243  
  29. “Rectifying and Schottky Characteristics of a-SixGe1-xOy with Metal Contacts”, Md A. Muztoba, D. P. Butler and Mukti M. Rana, Canadian Journal of Physics, pp. 1-5, June 30, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2013-0614   

  30. “Pyroelectric Modified Lead Titanate Thin Films for Uncooled Infrared Detection”, Noureddine Melikechi, Moinuddin Ahmed, Donald P. Butler and Mukti Rana, Proceedings IEEE 2012 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics, August 2012, https://doi.org/10.1109/OMEMS.2012.6318821      

  31. “Waste to Energy Conversion in a Bioreactor Landfill-Perspective Bangladesh”, Sahadat Hossain, Noureddine Melikechi, and Mukti M. Rana; Energy and Power, 4th Issue, August 2012.
  32. “Noise Performance Evaluation of Uncooled Infrared Detectors”, Hussein P. Oloomi, Mohammad S. Alam and Mukti M. Rana, IEEE Sensors Journal, volume 11, issue 4, February, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2010.2069559    
  33. “Noise Behavior of Si1-xGexOy Bolometer and  its Reduction by Forming Gas Passivation”, Mukti M. Rana and Donald P. Butler, “Thin Solid Films, vol. 516, issue 18, July, 2008, Pages 6499–6503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2008.02.044 
  34. “Amorphous Ge x Si 1-x O y :H Microbolometers with High Responsivity”, Mukti M. Rana and Donald P. Butler, IEEE Sensors Conference, November, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2007.4388450   
  35. “High Responsivity a-SixGe1-xOy:H Microbolometers”, Mukti M. Rana and Donald P. Butler, IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 7, no. 10, October, 2007, Pages 1413-1419. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2007.904881 
  36. “RF Sputtered Si1-xGex and Si1-xGexOy Thin Films for Uncooled Infrared Detectors,” Mukti M. Rana and Donald P. Butler, Thin Solid Films, Volume 514, Issues 1-2, August, 2006, Pages 355-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2006.02.088 

  37. “Amorphous GexSi1-x and GexSi1-xOy thin films for uncooled microbolometers”, Mukti Rana, Donald P. Butler, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 5783, May 2005, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.603839   

Refereed Conference and Technical Papers

  1. “Opto-electrical Characterizations of DC-Sputtered ITO Thin Films”, Jessica Patel, Javier G. Del Hoyo, Luis Rodriguez de Marcos, Mateo F. Batkis, Manuel A. Quijada, and Mukti M. Rana, Poster Presentation, Proc. of SPIE, Vol. 13116, 131160A
  2. “In Search Of Optimal Change-points For The Trend In Longitudinal Unbalanced Data”, Md. Jobayer Hossain, Benjamin E. Leiby and Mukti Rana, Oral Presentation, Joint Statistical Meetings, Toronto, August, 2023
  3. “Properties of Sputtered AlxNy Thin Films for Pyroelectric Detectors”, Nicholas Calvano, Jessica Patel and Mukti Rana, Emerging Research Network Conference, Washington DC, January 2018.
  4. “Opto-electronic Properties of Silicon Germanium Tin Oxide Film”, Larine Mbabit-tebit, and Mukti Rana, Emerging Research Network Conference, Washington DC, January 2018.
  5. “Properties of Reactively Sputtered AlxNyThin Films for Pyroelectric Detectors”, Nicholas Calvano, Philip Chrostoski, Andrew Voshell, Keesean Braithwaite, Dennis Prather, Murzy Jhavhala and Mukti Rana, Presented at the SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference in San Diego, August 2017.
  6. “Radio Frequency Sputtered AlxNy Thin Films for Thermal Detector”, Nick Calvano, Philip Chrostoski, Daemar Casey, Keesean Braithwaite, Dennis Prather, and Mukti Rana; 43rdA nnual Convention, National Society of Black Engineers, Kansas City, MO, March 2017
  7. “Modified Lead Titanate Thin Films for Uncooled Infrared Detection”, Philip Chrostoski, Nick Calvano, Bakare O’Neil, Andrew Voshell, Dennis Prather and Mukti Rana; 43rdAnnual Convention, National Society of Black Engineers, Kansas City, MO, March 2017
  8. “Design and Fabrication of a Nano-machined Pyroelectric Detector”, Nicholas Calvano, Keesean Braithwaite, Tyler Rembert, Melanie Tobey, Andrew Voshell and Mukti M Rana, National Society of Black Engineer’s Conference, Boston, March,2016.
  9. “Towards Optimal Classifier Of Spectroscopy Data”, David D. Pokrajac, Poopalasingam Sivakumar, Yuri Markushin, Daniela Milovic, Mukti Rana, Gary Holness, Jin jie Liu, and Noureddine Melikechi; 1st International Conference on Electrical, Electronic and Computing Engineering, IcETRAN 2014, June 2-5, 2014, Vrnjačka Banja, Serbia. 
  10. “Design of a Nano-machined Pyroelectric Detector for Low Thermal Conductance”, Md Muztoba, Noureddine Melikechi and Mukti Rana, Proceedings of SPIE, vol 9070, pp. 90701V-1-7, June 24, 2014, doi: 10.1117/12.2053466.
  11. “Nanomachined Pyroelectric Detector with Low Thermal Conductance - Design and Concepts”, Md Muztoba, Noureddine Melikechi, Donald P. Butler and Mukti M. Rana, Proceedings of IEEE Sensors Conference, Baltimore, October,2013.
  12. “Design of a nano-structured pyroelectric detector with low thermal conductivity”, Md A. Muztoba, D. P. Butler, N. Melikechi and Mukti M. Rana, In the 25th International Conference on Amorphous and Nano-crystalline Semiconductors, August 18-23, 2013 Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  13. “Moisture Content Measurement in Fresh Municipal Solid Waste by Four Point Probe Method”, Sams Farhana, Jebari Weekes, Sahadat Hossain, Noureddine Melikechi, Daniel Fluman and Mukti M. Rana, The Twenty-Eighth International Conference on Solid Waste Technology and Management, Philadelphia, PA, March 10-13, 2013
  14. “Characteristics of Delaware’s Municipal Solid Waste for Bio-Gas Production”, Sams Farhana, Jebari Weekes, Mukti M. Rana, Sahadat Hossain, Noureddine Melikechi and Dan Fluman, In the Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Conference on Solid Waste Technology and Management, Philadelphia, PA, March 10-13, 2013.
  15. “Pyroelectric Modified Lead Titanate Thin Films for Uncooled Infrared Detection”, M. Ahmed, D. P. Butler, Mukti M. Rana and N. Melikechi, IEEE 2012 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics, August 2012.     
  16. “Noise sources of a-Si1-xGexOy Bolometer and   their Reduction by Forming Gas Passivation,” Mukti M. Rana and Donald P. Butler, 20th International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations, Pisa, Italy, June 14th-19th, 2009.
  17. “Amorphous SixGe1-xOy:H Microbolometers with High Responsivity,” Mukti M. Rana and Donald P. Butler, Sixth IEEE Conference on Sensors, Atlanta, GA, October 29, 2007.
  18. “Amorphous GexSi1-x and GexSi1-xOy Thin Films for Uncooled Microbolometers,” Mukti M. Rana and Donald P. Butler, SPIE Defense and Security Conference, Orlando, FL, March,2005.

Invited Talk

  1. “Doped Germanium Silicon Oxide – A New Material for Un-cooled Infrared Detectors”, Keynote Speaker, International Conference on Power, Electrical, Electronics and Industrial Applications (PEEIACON), Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh, September, 2024.

  2. “Effect of Substrate on Various Properties of Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDCs)”, Keynote Speaker, International Conference on Natural Sciences and Engineering for Sustainable Development (NSESD2024), KAZI NAZRUL UNIVERSITY, India, March, 2024.

  3. “Charge Quenching in 2D/3D structure formed by monolayer WS2/Ge heterostructures”, Invited Talk, EICT, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh, December, 2023

  4. “Modulation of Opto-electronic Properties of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDCs) By Substrate Engineering”, Invited Talk, 3rd International Conference on Carbon Chemistry, October, 2023, Paris, France.

  5. “Role of substrate and Underlying Layers on Electrical, Optical and Other properties of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDCs)”, ICICTD, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh, July, 2022
  6. “How to do Business with AFOSR: Best Practices”, Invited talk, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, VA, 2019.
  7. “Pyroelectricity in RF Sputtered AlN thin Films”, Invited Talk, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh, August 2019.
  8. “Microbolometers – Materials Perspective”, Invited Talk, Jamia Islamia, New Delhi, India, August 2018
  9. “Uncooled pyroelectric detector with low thermal conductance”, Invited talk, The University of District of Columbia, March 2018.
  10. “Materials for microbolometers: vanadium oxide or silicon derivatives”, Invited Talk, SPIE Defense and Security Conference, Orlando, FL, April 28, 2017.
  11. “Review of Microbolometer Materials”, Invited Talk, Second International Conference Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh, December, 2017.
  12. “Engineering Education -What is expected in curriculum”, Invited talk, International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Dhaka, Bangladesh, December, 2017.
  13. “Microbolometers – a review from materials to performance perspective”, Invited talk, Bangladesh Physical Society, Dhaka, Bangladesh, January 2017.
  14. “Engineering Education -Challenges for the 21st Century”, Invited talk, International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Detroit, MI, October, 2016.
  15. “Inspired By Nature – A Spider Web Design for Reducing Thermal Conductance of Uncooled Infrared Detectors and Current Research Opportunities at DSU”, The College of New Jersey, NJ, January, 2015.
  16. “Integration of Research and Education – Perspective from Physics and Engineering Department at an HBCU”, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA, January, 2015
  17. “Research Opportunities at Optical Science Center for Applied Research (OSCAR) and Department of Physics and Engineering, Delaware State University”, Invited Seminar Speaker at International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh, January 17, 2013.
  18. “Current PhD. Research Opportunities at Optical Science Center for Applied Research of Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware”, Invited Seminar Speaker at South African PhD conference at Johannesburg, South Africa on August 29, 2012.
  19. “Current Research on Electrical Properties of Municipal Solid Waste and Infrared Detectors at Delaware State University”, Invited Seminar Speaker at CICATA Institution, Mexico city, Mexico, May 29, 2012.
  20. “Turning Trash into Gold”, Q.E.D Natural Science Symposia Series, Delaware State University, Spring 2012.
  21. “SixGe1-xOy – A New Material for Infrared Sensing,” Joint IEEE Mobile and Student Section, Mobile, AL, April, 2010.
  22. “Thin Films of Si and its Compounds for MEMS Applications,” College of Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, May, 2009.
  23. “Review of Micromachined Pressure Sensors,” Joint IEEE Mobile and Student Section, Mobile, AL, September, 2008.

Non Refereed Symposium/Conference Presentations

  1. “GeSiWO Thin Film TCR Characterization Test for Bolometer, Daemar Casey, Lin Cong, Femina Vadakepurathu, and Dr. Mukti Rana”, Posted Presented at the Graduate Research Symposium, Delaware State University, April, 2023
  2. “Tin Oxide Thin Films for Uncooled Infrared Detection”, Megan Powers, Rishi Gundakaram, Raza Sandhu, and Mukti Rana; Annual Summer Research Symposium, Delaware State University, July 2018.
  3. “Automatic Data Collection using LabVIEW for Power Spectral Density and Optical Measurement”, Andrew Voshell and Mukti Rana, DESU Annual Research Day, April, 2018.
  4. “Review of Optical Properties of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides”, Danzel Hill, Andre Voshell and Mukti Rana, DESU Annual Research Day, April, 2018.
  5. “Pathogen Separation Chip Based On Dielectrophoresis”, Du Wang, Alexis Nuer and Mukti Rana, DESU Annual Research Day, April, 2018.
  6. “Modified Lead Titanate Thin Films for Uncooled Infrared Detection”, Jessica Patel, Philip Chrostoski, Nick Calvano and Mukti Rana, DESU Annual Research Day, April, 2018.
  7. “Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Absorption in Common Bean Review through Laser Scanning Confocal”, Daemar Casey, Lilly Crofton, Venugopal Kalavacharla and Mukti Rana, DESU Annual Research Day, April, 2018.
  8. “Uncooled pyroelectric detector with low thermal conductance”, Invited talk, The University of District of Columbia, March 2018.
  9.  “SixGe1−xSnyOz Thin Films for Infrared Detection”, Trevor Olsson and Mukti M Rana, Presented at the Annual Summer Symposium, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, July, 2017
  10. “Study on Optical Properties of Silicon Germanium Tin Oxide Film”, Larine Mbabit-tebit, Demola Onifade, Keesean Braithwaite, Zakaria Juracka, Trevor Olsson and Dr. Mukti Rana, Presented at the Annual Summer Symposium, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, July, 2017
  11. “Design and Simulation of a Micro Fluidic Based Device for Pathogen Detection”, Gianmarco, Vasquez, Juan Chavez and Mukti Rana, Presented at the Annual Summer Symposium, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, July, 2017
  12. “Measuring pyroelectric properties of AlN thin films”, Bakare O’Neil and Mukti M Rana, Presented at the 44th annual honors day symposium, April, 2017
  13. “Measurementing electrical properties of lead calcium titanate thin films”, Keesean Braithwaite and Mukti M Rana, Presented at the 44th annual honors day symposium, April, 2017
  14. “Modeling Transmission of Radio-Frequency Sputtered AlN Thin Films in Mid-Long Infrared Region”, Andrew Voshell and Mukti M Rana, Presented at the 44th annual honors day symposium, April, 2017
  15. “Preparing a Temperature Controlled Vacuum Chamber for Device Characterization”, Daemar Casey and Mukti M Rana, Presented at the 44th annual honors day symposium, April, 2017.
  16. “Design and Fabrication of Photomask for Pyroelectric Thin Films”, Andrew Voshell and Mukti M Rana, Presented at the 43rd annual honors day symposium, April, 2016.
  17. “Using COMSOL and Intellisuite Finite Element Analysis Softwares to Design Photomask of Uncooled Infrared Detectors”, Melanie Tobey, Tylor Rembert and Mukti M Rana, Presented at the 43rd annual honors day symposium, April, 2016.
  18. “Measurement Platform for Device Characterization” Keesean Braithwaite and Mukti M Rana, Presented at the 43rd annual honors day symposium, April, 2016.
  19. “Electroporation Using  Interdigitated Electrodes For  DNA  Delivery”, Anupama Bhat, Kurt Deixler, Chantell  Gissendaner, Mukti  Rana and  Dula Man, NIH, NIGMS Fifth Biennial National IDeA Symposium of Biomedical Research Excellence (NISBRE), Washington DC, June, 2014.
  20. “Electroporation of HCT116-19 Cells Using Interdigitated Electrodes For DNA Delivery”, Anupama Bhat, Kurt Deixler, Chantell Gissendaner, Mukti  Rana and  Dula Man, Presented at the DSU Graduate Research Symposium, 2014.
  21. “Characterization of Semiconducting Thin Films using LabView Data Acquisition Software”, Jebari Weekes and Mukti M. Rana, Presented at the 41st annual honors day symposium, April, 2014
  22. “Design and Simulation of a Two Cavity Uncooled Infrared Detector”, Jason Owens and Mukti M Rana, Presented at the 41st annual honors day symposium, April, 2014.
  23. “Determination of Trace Elements in a Bio-Reactor Landfill Leachate by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy”, S. Farhana, P. Sivakumar, J. Weekes, Mukti Rana, N. Melikechi, S. Hossain, D. Fluman, Poster Presentation, Energy and Life Sciences Solutions for Sustainability, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, March 05, 2013.
  24. “Two Range Microboloment with Integrated Micro-mirrors for Infrared Detection”, J. Weekes, L. Campbell, J. Owens, K. Lucas, and Mukti Rana, Poster Presented at DSU Undergraduate Research Symposium, 2013.
  25. “Assessment of Student Learning Outcomes in Department of Physics and Engineering by Both Direct and Indirect Measurement Methods”, Mukti M Rana and Amal Juracka, First Assessment Symposium at DESU, 2013. 
  26. “Applications of Electrical Technologies for Renewable Energy and Environmental Monitoring”, Sams Farhana, Jebari Weekes, Mukti M. Rana and Sahadat Hossain, Oral Presentation at Delaware State University Graduate Research Symposium, 2012.
  27. “Design of a Microbolometer with Tunable Micro-mirror for Mid- and Long-Wave Infrared Detection,” L. Campbell, J. Weekes, C. Genright, M. Muztoba and Mukti Rana, Poster Presented at DSU Undergraduate Research Symposium, 2012.
  28. “Design of an integrated thermal detector with micromirror”, J. Weekes, China Genwright and Mukti M Rana, DSU honors day presentation 2012.
  29. “Nanomachined Pyroelectric Detector Design”, Md. Muztoba, Mukti M Rana, Donald Butler and Noureddine Melikechi, Oral Presentation at Delaware State University Graduate Research Symposium, 2012.
  30. “Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste in Delaware for Biogas Production”, Jebari Weekes, Sams Farhana, Mukti M. Rana and Sahadat Hossain, Oral Presentation at Delaware State University Undergraduate Research Symposium, 2011.
  31. “Uncooled Si0.135Ge0.85O0.015:H   Microbolometers,” Mukti M. Rana and Donald P. Butler, TexMEMS VIII conference, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, October, 2006.
  32. “SixGe1-xand SixGe1-xOy Thin Films for Microsensors Applications,” Mukti M. Rana and Donald P. Butler IEEE Emerging Technology Conference, Dallas, TX, October, 2004.
  33. “SixGe1-x and SixGe1-xOy Thin Films for Microbolometer Applications,” Mukti M. Rana and Donald P. Butler, TexMEMS VI conference, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, September, 2004.

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES AND SCHOLARLY SERVICES

REVIEWER

  1. ABET Program Evaluator
  2. Middle State Commission on Higher Education
  3. National Science Foundation, Panel Reviewer and Proposal Reviewer
  4. Office of Naval Research, Panel Reviewer
  5. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Proposal Reviewer
  6. Sensors & Actuators: A. Physical, Elsevier Publications, UK.
  7. Thin Solid Films, Elsevier Publications, UK.
  8. Infrared Physics and Technology, Elsevier Publications, UK.
  9. International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management.
  10. IET Circuits, Devices and Systems

PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS

  1. Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
  2. Life Member, SPIE
  3. Member, MRS
  4. Member, American Society of Engineering Education
  5. Member, American Physical Society (APS)
  6. Member, Eta Kappa Nu

LABORATORY FOR OPTICAL SENSING AND ENERGY CONVERSION

CURRENT STUDENTS

research team

student group 1

student group 2

Graduate Students

  1. Kevin Diaz-Aponte: PhD in Optics (Research Area:  Interface Study of 2D and 3D materials)
  2. Femina Vadakepurathu: PhD in Optics (Research Area: Ge Based Thin Films for Microbolometeric Applications)
  3. Daemar Casey: PhD in Optics (Research Area: Ge and Tungsten Based Thin Film based Microbolometer Design and Fabrication)
  4. Ling Cong: PhD in Optics (Research Area:  Doped Vanadium Oxide Thin Film based Microbolometer Design and Fabrication)
  5. Jessica Patel: PhD in Optics (Research Area: Transparent conducting films for space applications)
  6. Malachi Moody: MS in Applied Optics (Research Area: Fabrication and Testing of Microbolometer)
  7. Marcellus London: MS in Applied Optics (Research Area: Defects in 2D Materials)
  8. Razia Khan Sharmee: MS in Applied Optics (Research Area: Transparent Conducting Films for Space Applications)
  9. Mahin Muntasir: MS in Applied Optics (Research Area: Rare Earth Doped Aluminum Nitride thin films for Ferroelectric Applications)

Undergraduate Students

  1. Malek Brooker
  2. Richard McQueen

PREVIOUS Post-Doctoral researchers

  • Dr. Morteza Fathipour, PhD. in Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado (Present Position Unknown)
  • Dr. Elham Mafi (Now at Intel)

Previous Students

Graduate

  1. Khaled Khesk: MS in Applied Optics, Summer 2023, (Research Area: Fabrication of Pyroelectric Detector), Now a PhD student at University of Maryland, College Park
  2. Nicholas Calvano: PhD in Optics, Fall 2015-2021 (Research Area: Design and Fabrication of Pyroelectric Detector using AlN thin Films), Now working at Northrop Grumman.
  3. Jessica Patel: MS in Applied Optics, Spring 2018-2021 (Research Area: Design and Fabrication of Pyroelectric Detector using RF Sputtered Lead Titanate thin Films), Now working at NASA Goddard Center.
  4. Andrew Voshell: MS in Applied Optics, Fall 2017-2020 (Research Area: Properties of Stacked 2-D Material Based heterostructures for Infrared Detection), Now working at Applied Physics Lab and doing his PhD at University of Marryland, College Park.
  5. Du Wang: MS in Applied Optics, Fall 2017-Summer 2019, Worked on Design and Fabrication of Micro-Fluidic Based Devices for Pathogen Detection, Now a graduate student at University of Pennsylvania in Medical Physics 
  6. Jaime Cardona: MS in Applied Optics, Spring 2018-Summer 2019, worked on Ge and Tin Based Thin Films for Microbolometeric Applications, Now a PhD. Student at University of British Columbia, Canada in Nuclear Physics
  7. Anupama Bhat: Fall 2013-Summer 2014, Completed PhD in Optics in Spring 2018.
  8. Phillip Chrostosky: Fall 2016 - Summer 2017, Completed MS in Applied Optics in Spring 2018
  9. Md Ali Muztoba: Completed with his MS in Applied Optics Thesis. Dissertation title, “Design of a Nano-machined Pyrolectric Detector with low thermal conductance”. Fall 2011-Fall 2013. Now a PhD student in Electrical Engineering at Arizona State University.
  10. Sams Sabiha Farhana, Completed her MS in Applied Optics Thesis. Dissertation title, “Four Point Resistivity Measurement of Municipal Solid Waste and Applications of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for leachate of a bioreactor Landfill”. Fall 2011-Fall 2013. Now a PhD student in Electrical Engineering at Arizona State University.

Undergraduate

  1. Malachi Moody (2019-2022)
  2. Larine Mbabit-Tabit (2017-2019)
  3. Bakare O’Neil (2015-2018)
  4. Keesean Breathwaite (2016-2019)
  5. Danzel Hill (2017-2019)
  6. Trevor Olsson (Summer 2017)
  7. Demola Alfredo (Summer 2017)
  8. Christopher Garland (2013-2014)
  9. Tylor Rombert (2015-2015)
  10. Nyjil Haward (2015-2015, Biology Major)
  11. Andrew Voshel (2015-2017)
  12. MelanyTubey (2015-2015)
  13. Natalia Madieta (2014-2014)
  14. Jebari Weekes (2010-2014)
  15. Jason Owens (2012 – 2014)
  16. Keimah Mond (2013-2014)
  17. Louis Campbel (2012-2013)
  18. China Genwright (2011 - 2012)
  19. Linea Davis (Spring 2012)
  20. Sparkle Smith (Fall 2011)

High School (Selected)

  • Safwan Rahman (2022-Now)
  • Shrey Tayal (2021-2022, now an undergrad student at Cornell University)
  • Ifti Ahmed (2022, now an undergrad student at University of Delaware)
  • Samra Iqbal (2018-2022, now an undergrad student at Goergia Tech)
  • Noor Boukari (2021, now an undergrad student at College)
  • Zyna Zuracka (2018-2019, now working at Northrop Grumman)
  • Rishi Gundakuram (2018, Went to Caltech for his undergrad)
  • Megan Powers (2017-2018, Went to Penn State for his undergrad)
  • Raja Sandhu (2019, now an undergrad student at University of Delaware)
  • Amin Zerrad (2017-2018, now an undergrad student at University of New Mexico)
  • Zakaria Zuracka (Summer 2017, now working at Northrop Grumman)
  • David John (Summer 2014)
  • Kary Lucas (Summer 2013)
  • Kenny Elston (Summer 2011, now a DSU senior in Mass Comm.)

In the news/media (Selected)

Delaware Public Media: https://www.delawarepublic.org/science-health-tech/2023-09-25/dsu-receiv… 

News at 10 on 47 abc news: https://www.wmdt.com/2019/11/dsu-professor-student-awareded-two-united-s…

Grant News in DESU Webpage: https://www.desu.edu/news/2022/10/university-awarded-1m-grant-ultra-thin…

Patent News in DESU Webpage: https://www.desu.edu/news/2020/07/university-dr-mukti-rana-awarded-new-p…

Featured Speaker at AFOSR: https://twitter.com/AFOSR/status/1186690547798413315

Delaware Public Radio: https://www.delawarepublic.org/post/dsu-receives-600000-research-grant-d…

DESU webpage: https://www.desu.edu/news/2018/02/physics-faculty-member-receives-afosr-…

Capabilities AND equipment

capabilities - CHARACTERIZATION EQUIPMENT

·       Confocal micro Raman spectrometer (HORIBA LabRAM HR Evolution) for micro Raman and photoluminescence measurements. It also offers advanced confocal imaging capabilities in 2D and 3D. The laser excitations include 405 nm, 532 nm, 633 nm and 785 nm. The Raman spectrometer is also equipped with 532 nm low-frequency filters that enable the low-frequency Raman measurements down to 10 cm-1.

·       Rigaku XRD Smart-Lab SE is a multipurpose X-ray diffraction system with intelligent guidance. The system is powered by Smart-Lab Studio ll to support the new architecture module platform. This ergonomic model allows the crossbeam optic module switches between Bragg-Brentano and parallel beam without changing optics. The HyPix-400 2D detector enables a seamless switch between 0D, 1D, and 2D detection modes depending on application type. The workflow integrated into the software enables fully automated measurement, including optics and sample alignment. These self-alignment optics maximize the time of use in the instrument and minimize the cost of ownership.

·       Linseis thermal conductive measurement system consists of a measurement chamber, vacuum pump, primary sample holder with included heater, system integrated lock-in amplifier for measurement of thermal properties of thin films by 3ω-method. It has PC and LINSEIS software package including measurement and evaluation software. This equipment is optimized to measure thermal conductivity, specific heat, emissivity, electrical resistivity, and the See beck coefficient.

·       Quanta FEG 250 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) is an environmental Scanning Electron Microscope used for high-resolution imaging and composition analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDS). The FEG column in Quanta 250 allows beam deceleration, which permits a resolution of 1.4 nm even at 1 kV electron landing voltage. STEM  can be used for TEM samples on grids . This is a scanning TEM.

·       Bruker Innova Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is used for study the topography of material without direct contact. Using the disturbance in the layer that is reflected in the probe tip is interacting with the atomic force we could have an indirect Image of high quality of the subject of study.

·       Motic Panthera Microscope compact Epi illuminator carries a slot for polarizer and analyzer, ready for polarization contrast and to reduce internal reflections. The illuminator also includes the controls for varying the incident light in terms of mode (BF or DF) and illumination angle. The extended 22mm Field of View (FOV) offers 21% more visual area in comparison to a basic 20mm FOV system. The beam split of the trinocular versions (25° viewing angle) is fixed by 50/50 (vis/photo).

·       J. A. Woollam Infrared VASE Ellipsometer: This will work for all types of materials, including semiconductors, dielectrics, polymers, metals, multi-layers, and more. It has Variable wavelength and angle of incidence enable flexible measurement capabilities. This has the unique features include angle of incidence range from 32 to 90 degrees and spectral range from 1.7 to 30 microns. This is capable of changing the temperature between 150K to 320K.

·       Low Noise measurement System: The Low noise amplifier is made by Premarius (9813DXC) and it is a very unique low noise low frequency amplifier with the associated data acquisition system. The instrument has the following unique characteristics than any of the systems used in the world. It is a low noise Pre-amplifiers integrated into one unique system. It has minimum DC current resolution: <0.1nA (For HPcLNA), ~0.1uA (For cLNA & vLNA). The typical noise measurement speed (Highest speed): <10 sec/bias. The Built-in ADC and DSA are Bandwidth: >10MHz and Resolution: 16 bit. The RTN measurement is to maximum 960K points. It has a wide impedance range: 10 to 10 MOhms.

•      Keysight Device Parameter Analyzer B1500A: The Keysight B1500A semiconductor parameter analyzer is an all-in-one device characterization analyzer designed for comprehensive semiconductor testing. This versatile instrument supports various measurement techniques, including IV, CV, pulse/dynamic IV, and more, making it an ideal choice for semiconductor testing applications. The mainframe and plug-in modules offer unmatched flexibility, enabling the characterization of various electronic devices, materials, semiconductors, active/passive components, and more.

·       Keysight PXA Signal Analyzer N9030A provides frequency coverage up to 50 GHz. The PXA signal analyzer delivers exceptional performance that reduces measurement uncertainty and reveals new levels of signal detail, starting with up to 75 dB spurious-free dynamic range at the 140-MHz analysis bandwidth. Industry-leading specifications include –129 dBc/Hz phase noise (room temperature) at 10 kHz offset (1 GHz), ±0.19 dB absolute amplitude accuracy, and sensitivity of –172 dBm displayed average noise level (DANL) at 2 GHz (with preamplifier and Noise Floor Extension technology).

·       AixCCT TF 2000E thin film analyzer for measuring ferroelectric, piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of thin film. The FE module consists of a voltage amplifier for output voltages of up to 30 V and current amplifiers for detecting the test current. Multiple ranges between 10 pA and 1 A are available in order to make full use of the bandwidth and definition.

·       Oriel MS257 Monochromator is a completely automated instrument with enough versatility to satisfy most spectroscopy applications. It is an F/3.9 instrument with a focal length of 257.4 mm, usable as a monochromator or true flat field imaging spectrograph. Stray light is negligible, and there are no re-entrant spectra. The MS257 has two output ports, one input port, and support four gratings.

·       Micromanipulator - 450PM Manual Probe Station is a high-efficiency general-purpose manual analytical probe station. It has a microscope and a variable temperature chuck associated with it. The temperature of the variable temperature chuck can be varied between 250 K to 320 K.

·       Bruker DektakXT profilometer is used for measuring thin films’ thickness, stress, surface roughness, and form in various areas

·       West Bound Bonding machine 7374E is used for bonding the devices by ultrasonic wire bonding method.

·       SR560 Low noise amplifier from Stanford Research is a high-performance, low-noise preamplifier ideal for a wide variety of amplification, including low-temperature measurement and optical detection.

·       SR810 DSP Lock-In Amplifier from Stanford Research provides high performance measurements using digital signal processing (DSP) to replace the demodulators, output filters, and amplifiers found in conventional lock-ins. The range of operation of these devices is from 1mHz to 102 kHz and 100 dB of drift-free.

·       Agilent E4980A LCR Meter provides the best combination of accuracy, speed, and versatility for a wide range of component measurements. Offering fast measurement speed and outstanding performance at both low and high impedance ranges. The E4980A is a tool for general R&D and manufacturing tests of components and materials.

·      Raman confocal Horiba XplorRA microscope

·      Optical: Leica DM 5000B TCS-SP5 upright optical Microscope. Equipped for multicolor acquisition (up to 4 channels). 405, 457, 477, 488, 514, 532 and 633 nm laser excitation lines.

·      Optical: Olympus IX71 inverted inverted microscope for widefield and DIC microsocpy. It is equipped with high sensitivity camera (Photometrics QuantEM 512C), computer-controlled Prior motorized stage, Metamorph software, diverse cubes, high-NA objectives.

·      Optical: Olympus upright BX53, polarizing microscope which is equipped with a Q-imaging camera.

·      Optical: Zeiss LSM 510 confocal microscope equipped with with Argon/Krypton 488/568 and HeNe 633 lasers.

·      Optical: NIKON SMZ-18 Zoom Stereo Microscope for epi-fluorescence and dark-field microscopy.  It is equipped with a DS-Qi2 monochrome CMOS camera and TokaiHit temperature-controlled stage. 

·      Spectrometer: ISS K2 phase + modulation spectrometer for fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence anisotropy.  It is equipped with a 300 W xenon arc lamp, a 484-nm laser diode, and two LEDs at 280 and 370 nm; a monochromater from 200 to 1200 nm range and a ± 0.2 nm wavelength accuracy.

·      Spectrometer: Varian Cary 100 BIO spectrometer for UV-visible light for absorbance and transmittance measurements.

DEPOSITION AND PROCESSING EQUIPMENT

·       The Torr Magnetron Sputtering Deposition With this system, we could sputter two metals simultaneously using RF guns.

·       MA6 Mask Aligner is primarily used to expose photo-definable materials. It has the capability to use 4” wafers.

·       Kurt J Leskar PRO Line PVD 75 sputtering system is the next generation thin film deposition system based on the workhorse PVD 75 platform. A few of the key advantages offered in this innovative, best-of-class design are a technically superior chamber design, an industry-best software control system with advanced programming capability, automatic substrate loading, and numerous features for optimized thin film performance.

·       W Allwin21 AccuThermo AW 610 is a rapid thermal processing (RTP) system that uses high-intensity visible radiation to heat single wafers for short process periods at precisely controlled temperatures. Combined with the heating chamber’s cold-wall design and superior heating uniformity, these capabilities provide significant advantages over conventional furnace processing.    

·       Plasma Asher is used to remove the photoresist or other sacrificial layers for various device applications.

·       Specialty coating System 6800 Spin Coater enables to develop and refine coating applications efficiently and accurately. 

·       Acid and Solvent hood is the workplace to develop the microfabrication chemical process.

SIMULATION AND COMPUTATIONAL CAPABILITIES

·       COMSOL Multiphysics software is installed in two computers in our lab to design and simulate various sensors and devices. This simulation software helps to understand, predict, and optimize real-world designs, devices, and processes. COMSOL Multiphysics is a simulation platform that provides fully coupled Multiphysics and single-physics modeling capabilities. The Model Builder includes all of the steps in the modeling workflow — from defining geometries, material properties, and the physics that describe specific phenomena to solving and postprocessing models for producing accurate results.